用 Ionic Vue 构建一个用户管理应用
本教程演示了如何构建一个基本的用户管理应用。该应用可以进行用户认证和识别,将用户的个人资料信息存储在数据库中,并允许用户登录、更新他们的个人资料信息以及上传头像。该应用使用了:
🌐 This tutorial demonstrates how to build a basic user management app. The app authenticates and identifies the user, stores their profile information in the database, and allows the user to log in, update their profile details, and upload a profile photo. The app uses:
- Supabase 数据库 - 一个用于存储用户数据的 Postgres 数据库,并且有 行级安全,所以数据是受保护的,用户只能访问自己的信息。
- Supabase Auth - 允许用户注册和登录。
- Supabase 存储 - 允许用户上传个人头像。

如果你在使用本指南的过程中遇到困难,可以参考 GitHub 上的完整示例。
🌐 If you get stuck while working through this guide, refer to the full example on GitHub.
项目设置 #
🌐 Project setup
在你开始构建之前,你需要先设置数据库和 API。你可以通过在 Supabase 中启动一个新项目,然后在数据库中创建一个“架构”来完成这一步。
🌐 Before you start building you need to set up the Database and API. You can do this by starting a new Project in Supabase and then creating a "schema" inside the database.
创建一个项目 #
🌐 Create a project
- 在 Supabase 仪表板中创建一个新项目。
- 输入你的项目详情。
- 等新数据库上线。
设置数据库模式 #
🌐 Set up the database schema
现在设置数据库模式。你可以在 SQL 编辑器中使用“用户管理入门”快速开始,也可以复制粘贴下面的 SQL 并运行。
🌐 Now set up the database schema. You can use the "User Management Starter" quickstart in the SQL Editor, or you can copy/paste the SQL from below and run it.
- 在仪表板中转到SQL 编辑器页面。
- 点击 社区 > 快速入门 标签下的 用户管理入门。
- 点击运行。
你可以通过运行 db pull 命令将数据库架构拉到本地项目。查看本地开发文档获取详细说明。
🌐 You can pull the database schema down to your local project by running the db pull command. Read the local development docs for detailed instructions.
1supabase link --project-ref <project-id>2# You can get <project-id> from your project's dashboard URL: https://supabase.com/dashboard/project/<project-id>3supabase db pull获取 API 详情 #
🌐 Get API details
要与数据库表中的数据进行交互,你可以使用封装了自动生成的数据 API 端点的客户端库,并使用来自项目 Connect 对话框的项目 URL 和密钥进行认证。
🌐 To interact with data in database tables, you use the client libraries that wrap the auto-generated Data API endpoints, authenticating using the Project URL and key from the project Connect dialog.
阅读 API 密钥文档 以全面了解所有密钥类型、用途以及在哪里可以找到它们。
正在构建应用 #
🌐 Building the app
从零开始构建 Vue 应用吧。
🌐 Start by building the Vue app from scratch.
初始化一个 Ionic Vue 应用 #
🌐 Initialize an Ionic Vue app
使用 Ionic CLI 来初始化一个名为 supabase-ionic-vue 的应用:
🌐 Use the Ionic CLI to initialize an app called supabase-ionic-vue:
1npm install -g @ionic/cli2ionic start supabase-ionic-vue blank --type vue3cd supabase-ionic-vue安装唯一的额外依赖: supabase-js
🌐 Install the only additional dependency: supabase-js
1npm install @supabase/supabase-js将环境变量保存在一个 .env 文件中,包括你之前复制的 API URL 和密钥 earlier。
🌐 Save the environment variables in a .env file, including the API URL and key that you copied earlier.
1VUE_APP_SUPABASE_URL=YOUR_SUPABASE_URL2VUE_APP_SUPABASE_KEY=YOUR_SUPABASE_KEY在配置好 API 凭证后,创建一个辅助文件来初始化 Supabase 客户端。这些变量会在浏览器上暴露出来,这没关系,因为 Supabase 默认在数据库上启用了 行级安全。
🌐 With the API credentials in place, create a helper file to initialize the Supabase client. These variables will be exposed on the browser, and that's fine since Supabase enables Row Level Security on Databases by default.
1import { createClient } from '@supabase/supabase-js'23const supabaseUrl = process.env.VUE_APP_SUPABASE_URL4const supabaseKey = process.env.VUE_APP_SUPABASE_KEY56if (!supabaseUrl) {7 throw new Error(8 'Environment variable VUE_APP_SUPABASE_URL is not set. Please define it before starting the application.'9 )10}1112if (!supabaseKey) {13 throw new Error(14 'Environment variable VUE_APP_SUPABASE_KEY is not set. Please define it before starting the application.'15 )16}1718export const supabase = createClient(supabaseUrl, supabaseKey)设置一个登录路由 #
🌐 Set up a login route
创建一个 Vue 组件来管理登录和注册,使用 Magic Links,这样用户可以用邮箱登录而不需要密码。
🌐 Create a Vue component to manage logins and sign ups that uses Magic Links, so users can sign in with their email without using passwords.
1<template>2 <ion-page>3 <ion-header>4 <ion-toolbar>5 <ion-title>Login</ion-title>6 </ion-toolbar>7 </ion-header>89 <ion-content>10 <div class="ion-padding">11 <h1>Supabase + Ionic Vue</h1>12 <p>Sign in via magic link with your email below</p>13 </div>14 <ion-list inset="true">15 <form @submit.prevent="handleLogin">16 <ion-item>17 <ion-input18 v-model="email"19 label="Email"20 label-placement="stacked"21 name="email"22 autocomplete="email"23 type="email"24 ></ion-input>25 </ion-item>26 <div class="ion-text-center">27 <ion-button type="submit" fill="clear">Login</ion-button>28 </div>29 </form>30 </ion-list>31 </ion-content>32 </ion-page>33</template>3435<script setup lang="ts">36import { supabase } from '../supabase';37import {38 IonContent,39 IonHeader,40 IonPage,41 IonTitle,42 IonToolbar,43 IonList,44 IonItem,45 IonInput,46 IonButton,47 toastController,48 loadingController,49} from '@ionic/vue';50import { ref } from 'vue';5152const email = ref('');5354const handleLogin = async () => {55 const loader = await loadingController.create({});56 const toast = await toastController.create({ duration: 5000 });5758 try {59 await loader.present();60 const { error } = await supabase.auth.signInWithOtp({ email: email.value });6162 if (error) throw error;6364 toast.message = 'Check your email for the login link!';65 await toast.present();66 } catch (error: any) {67 toast.message = error.error_description || error.message;68 await toast.present();69 } finally {70 await loader.dismiss();71 }72};73</script>账户页面 #
🌐 Account page
用户登录后,让他们通过一个名为 Account.vue 的新组件编辑个人资料详情并管理账户。
🌐 After a user has signed in, let them edit their profile details and manage their account with a new component called Account.vue.
1<template>2 <ion-page>3 <ion-header>4 <ion-toolbar>5 <ion-title>Account</ion-title>6 </ion-toolbar>7 </ion-header>89 <ion-content>1011 // ...1213 <form @submit.prevent="updateProfile">14 <ion-item>15 <ion-label>16 <p>Email</p>17 <p>{{ email }}</p>18 </ion-label>19 </ion-item>2021 <ion-item>22 <ion-input23 type="text"24 name="username"25 label="Name"26 label-placement="stacked"27 v-model="profile.username"28 ></ion-input>29 </ion-item>3031 <ion-item>32 <ion-input33 type="text"34 name="website"35 label="Website"36 label-placement="stacked"37 v-model="profile.website"38 ></ion-input>39 </ion-item>40 <div class="ion-text-center">41 <ion-button fill="clear" type="submit">Update Profile</ion-button>42 </div>43 </form>4445 <div class="ion-text-center">46 <ion-button fill="clear" @click="signOut">Log Out</ion-button>47 </div>48 </ion-content>49 </ion-page>50</template>5152<script setup lang="ts">53import { supabase } from '@/supabase';54import {55 IonContent,56 IonHeader,57 IonPage,58 IonTitle,59 IonToolbar,60 toastController,61 loadingController,62 IonInput,63 IonItem,64 IonButton,65 IonLabel,66 useIonRouter,67} from '@ionic/vue';68import { onMounted, ref } from 'vue';69import Avatar from '../components/Avatar.vue';7071// ...7273const router = useIonRouter();74const email = ref('');7576const profile = ref({77 username: '',78 website: '',79 avatar_url: '',80});8182async function getProfile() {83 const loader = await loadingController.create({});84 const toast = await toastController.create({ duration: 5000 });85 await loader.present();86 try {87 const { data: { claims } } = await supabase.auth.getClaims();88 if (!claims) throw new Error('No user logged in');8990 email.value = (claims.email as string) ?? '';9192 const { data, error, status } = await supabase93 .from('profiles')94 .select(`username, website, avatar_url`)95 .eq('id', claims.sub)96 .single();9798 if (error && status !== 406) throw error;99100 if (data) {101 profile.value = {102 username: data.username,103 website: data.website,104 avatar_url: data.avatar_url,105 };106 }107 } catch (error: any) {108 toast.message = error.message;109 await toast.present();110 } finally {111 await loader.dismiss();112 }113}114115const updateProfile = async () => {116 const loader = await loadingController.create({});117 const toast = await toastController.create({ duration: 5000 });118 try {119 await loader.present();120 const { data: { claims } } = await supabase.auth.getClaims();121 if (!claims) throw new Error('No user logged in');122123 const updates = {124 id: claims.sub,125 ...profile.value,126 updated_at: new Date(),127 };128129 const { error } = await supabase.from('profiles').upsert(updates);130131 if (error) throw error;132 } catch (error: any) {133 toast.message = error.message;134 await toast.present();135 } finally {136 await loader.dismiss();137 }138};139140async function signOut() {141 const loader = await loadingController.create({});142 const toast = await toastController.create({ duration: 5000 });143 await loader.present();144 try {145 const { error } = await supabase.auth.signOut();146 if (error) throw error;147 router.push('/', 'forward', 'replace');148 } catch (error: any) {149 toast.message = error.message;150 await toast.present();151 } finally {152 await loader.dismiss();153 }154}155156onMounted(() => {157 getProfile();158});159</script>触发! #
🌐 Launch!
所有组件就位后,更新 App.vue 和应用的路由:
🌐 With all the components in place, update App.vue and the app routes:
Supabase Auth SDK 包含三种不同的函数,用于验证用户对应用的访问权限:
🌐 The Supabase Auth SDK contains three different functions for authenticating user access to applications:
方法总结 #
🌐 Summary of the methods
- 使用
getClaims来保护页面和用户数据。它会从存储中读取访问令牌并进行验证。在本地通过 WebCrypto API 和缓存的 JWKS 端点进行操作,当项目使用非对称签名密钥时(这是新项目的默认设置);如果使用对称密钥,则仅通过调用getUser来验证。返回的声明总是来自解析 JWT,而不是通过用户查询获得。 [getUser](/docs/reference/javascript/auth-getuser)会向项目的 Auth 实例发起网络请求以获取用户记录,这样可以获得用户的最新信息,但需要进行一次网络请求。getSession当你需要原始会话(访问令牌、刷新令牌和过期时间)时使用。例如,将访问令牌转发到另一个服务。会话是直接从本地存储加载的,并不会重新向认证服务器验证,因此当存储与客户端共享(如 cookies、请求头)时,嵌入的用户对象不应单独信任。要验证身份,请使用getClaims验证访问令牌,或调用getUser获取一个新的、服务器确认的用户记录。
总结:使用 getClaims 来验证身份(通常用于保护页面和数据),当你需要从认证服务器获取最新的用户记录时用 getUser,而当你直接需要访问或刷新令牌时用 getSession,但不要依赖它返回的用户对象来做授权决策。
1import { createRouter, createWebHistory } from '@ionic/vue-router'2import { RouteRecordRaw } from 'vue-router'3import LoginPage from '../views/Login.vue'4import AccountPage from '../views/Account.vue'5import { supabase } from '../supabase'67const routes: Array<RouteRecordRaw> = [8 {9 path: '/',10 name: 'Login',11 component: LoginPage,12 },13 {14 path: '/account',15 name: 'Account',16 component: AccountPage,17 },18]1920const router = createRouter({21 history: createWebHistory(process.env.BASE_URL),22 routes,23})2425router.beforeEach(async (to, _from, next) => {26 const { data } = await supabase.auth.getClaims()27 const claims = data?.claims2829 if (to.path === '/account' && !claims) {30 next('/')31 return32 }3334 if (to.path === '/' && claims) {35 next('/account')36 return37 }3839 next()40})4142export default router1<template>2 <ion-app>3 <ion-router-outlet />4 </ion-app>5</template>67<script setup lang="ts">8import { IonApp, IonRouterOutlet } from '@ionic/vue';9import { onUnmounted } from 'vue';10import router from './router';11import { supabase } from './supabase';1213async function syncAuthRedirect() {14 const { data } = await supabase.auth.getClaims();15 const claims = data?.claims;16 const path = router.currentRoute.value.path;1718 if (claims && path === '/') {19 router.replace('/account');20 } else if (!claims && path === '/account') {21 router.replace('/');22 }23}2425const {26 data: { subscription },27} = supabase.auth.onAuthStateChange(() => {28 syncAuthRedirect();29});3031onUnmounted(() => {32 subscription.unsubscribe();33});34</script>完成后,在终端窗口运行这个:
🌐 Once that's done, run this in a terminal window:
1ionic serve然后打开浏览器访问 localhost:8100,你应该能看到完成的应用。
🌐 And then open the browser to localhost:8100 and you should see the completed app.

额外奖励:头像 #
🌐 Bonus: Profile photos
每个 Supabase 项目都配置了 Storage 来管理像照片和视频这样的大文件。
🌐 Every Supabase project is configured with Storage for managing large files like photos and videos.
创建一个上传小工具 #
🌐 Create an upload widget
首先安装两个用来操作用户相机的包。
🌐 First install two packages to interact with the user's camera.
1npm install @ionic/pwa-elements @capacitor/camera电容器 是 Ionic 的跨平台原生运行时,它可以让你将网页应用发布到应用商店,并提供对原生设备 API 的访问。
Ionic PWA 元素是一个辅助包,它用自定义的 Ionic 界面为那些没有用户界面的浏览器 API 提供填充功能。
🌐 Ionic PWA elements is a companion package that polyfills certain browser APIs that provide no user interface with custom Ionic UI.
安装好那些包后,更新 main.ts,增加一次针对 Ionic PWA Elements 的引导调用。
🌐 With those packages installed, update main.ts to include an additional bootstrapping call for the Ionic PWA Elements.
1import { createApp } from 'vue'2import App from './App.vue'3import router from './router'45import { IonicVue } from '@ionic/vue'6/* Core CSS required for Ionic components to work properly */7import '@ionic/vue/css/ionic.bundle.css'89/* Theme variables */10import './theme/variables.css'1112import { defineCustomElements } from '@ionic/pwa-elements/loader'13defineCustomElements(window)14const app = createApp(App).use(IonicVue).use(router)1516router.isReady().then(() => {17 app.mount('#app')18})然后创建一个 AvatarComponent。
🌐 Then create an AvatarComponent.
1<template>2 <div class="avatar">3 <div class="avatar_wrapper" @click="uploadAvatar">4 <img v-if="avatarUrl" :src="avatarUrl" />5 <ion-icon v-else :icon="person" class="no-avatar"></ion-icon>6 </div>7 </div>8</template>910<script setup lang="ts">11import { ref, toRef, watch } from 'vue';12import { supabase } from '../supabase';13import { Camera, CameraResultType } from '@capacitor/camera';14import { IonIcon } from '@ionic/vue';15import { person } from 'ionicons/icons';1617const props = defineProps<{ path?: string }>();18const emit = defineEmits<{19 upload: [];20 'update:path': [value: string];21}>();2223const path = toRef(props, 'path');24const avatarUrl = ref('');2526const downloadImage = async () => {27 try {28 const { data, error } = await supabase.storage29 .from('avatars')30 .download(path.value!);31 if (error) throw error;32 avatarUrl.value = URL.createObjectURL(data!);33 } catch (error: any) {34 console.error('Error downloading image: ', error.message);35 }36};3738const uploadAvatar = async () => {39 try {40 const photo = await Camera.getPhoto({41 resultType: CameraResultType.DataUrl,42 });4344 if (photo.dataUrl) {45 const file = await fetch(photo.dataUrl)46 .then((res) => res.blob())47 .then(48 (blob) =>49 new File([blob], 'my-file', { type: `image/${photo.format}` })50 );5152 const fileName = `${Math.random()}-${new Date().getTime()}.${53 photo.format54 }`;55 const { error: uploadError } = await supabase.storage56 .from('avatars')57 .upload(fileName, file);58 if (uploadError) {59 throw uploadError;60 }61 emit('update:path', fileName);62 emit('upload');63 }64 } catch (error) {65 console.log(error);66 }67};6869watch(path, () => {70 if (path.value) downloadImage();71});72</script>7374<style>75.avatar {76 display: block;77 margin: auto;78 min-height: 150px;79}80.avatar .avatar_wrapper {81 margin: 16px auto 16px;82 border-radius: 50%;83 overflow: hidden;84 height: 150px;85 aspect-ratio: 1;86 background: var(--ion-color-step-50);87 border: thick solid var(--ion-color-step-200);88}89.avatar .avatar_wrapper:hover {90 cursor: pointer;91}92.avatar .avatar_wrapper ion-icon.no-avatar {93 width: 100%;94 height: 115%;95}96.avatar img {97 display: block;98 object-fit: cover;99 width: 100%;100 height: 100%;101}102</style>添加新小部件 #
🌐 Add the new widget
然后把小部件添加到账户页面上:
🌐 And then add the widget to the Account page:
1<template>2 <ion-page>3 <ion-header>4 <ion-toolbar>5 <ion-title>Account</ion-title>6 </ion-toolbar>7 </ion-header>89 <ion-content>10 <avatar v-model:path="profile.avatar_url" @upload="updateProfile"></avatar>11 <form @submit.prevent="updateProfile">12 <ion-item>13 <ion-label>14 <p>Email</p>15 <p>{{ email }}</p>16 </ion-label>17 </ion-item>1819 <ion-item>20 <ion-input21 type="text"22 name="username"23 label="Name"24 label-placement="stacked"25 v-model="profile.username"26 ></ion-input>27 </ion-item>2829 <ion-item>30 <ion-input31 type="text"32 name="website"33 label="Website"34 label-placement="stacked"35 v-model="profile.website"36 ></ion-input>37 </ion-item>38 <div class="ion-text-center">39 <ion-button fill="clear" type="submit">Update Profile</ion-button>40 </div>41 </form>4243 <div class="ion-text-center">44 <ion-button fill="clear" @click="signOut">Log Out</ion-button>45 </div>46 </ion-content>47 </ion-page>48</template>4950<script setup lang="ts">51import { supabase } from '@/supabase';52import {53 IonContent,54 IonHeader,55 IonPage,56 IonTitle,57 IonToolbar,58 toastController,59 loadingController,60 IonInput,61 IonItem,62 IonButton,63 IonLabel,64 useIonRouter,65} from '@ionic/vue';66import { onMounted, ref } from 'vue';67import Avatar from '../components/Avatar.vue';6869const router = useIonRouter();70const email = ref('');7172const profile = ref({73 username: '',74 website: '',75 avatar_url: '',76});7778async function getProfile() {79 const loader = await loadingController.create({});80 const toast = await toastController.create({ duration: 5000 });81 await loader.present();82 try {83 const { data: { claims } } = await supabase.auth.getClaims();84 if (!claims) throw new Error('No user logged in');8586 email.value = (claims.email as string) ?? '';8788 const { data, error, status } = await supabase89 .from('profiles')90 .select(`username, website, avatar_url`)91 .eq('id', claims.sub)92 .single();9394 if (error && status !== 406) throw error;9596 if (data) {97 profile.value = {98 username: data.username,99 website: data.website,100 avatar_url: data.avatar_url,101 };102 }103 } catch (error: any) {104 toast.message = error.message;105 await toast.present();106 } finally {107 await loader.dismiss();108 }109}110111const updateProfile = async () => {112 const loader = await loadingController.create({});113 const toast = await toastController.create({ duration: 5000 });114 try {115 await loader.present();116 const { data: { claims } } = await supabase.auth.getClaims();117 if (!claims) throw new Error('No user logged in');118119 const updates = {120 id: claims.sub,121 ...profile.value,122 updated_at: new Date(),123 };124125 const { error } = await supabase.from('profiles').upsert(updates);126127 if (error) throw error;128 } catch (error: any) {129 toast.message = error.message;130 await toast.present();131 } finally {132 await loader.dismiss();133 }134};135136async function signOut() {137 const loader = await loadingController.create({});138 const toast = await toastController.create({ duration: 5000 });139 await loader.present();140 try {141 const { error } = await supabase.auth.signOut();142 if (error) throw error;143 router.push('/', 'forward', 'replace');144 } catch (error: any) {145 toast.message = error.message;146 await toast.present();147 } finally {148 await loader.dismiss();149 }150}151152onMounted(() => {153 getProfile();154});155</script>在这个阶段,你已经有了一个完全可用的应用!
🌐 At this stage you have a fully functional application!